Having received a positive reception of Dr. Grumbles’ articles and a request for a summary, we have asked him if he would be willing to offer this for us. The statements “In part [#]” are hyperlinked so that you can read his fuller argument on each point.

In this final article, we will discuss the claim of the Confession as to how many gods exist.

In parts six and seven we explore texts which the “other gods” view purports to be clear affirmations of other gods. Having looked at Psalm 82 and the “sons of God” in Job, we now consider texts that speak of YHWH as “God of gods.”

In the previous section on Psalm 82 we began to examine texts which speak of beings besides YHWH that are called elohim. We advanced the thesis that elohim can be used analogically, or improperly, to speak of beings with status, power, or majesty. In Psalm 82, the term likely refers to magistrates. Even if it speaks of angels, this does not mean these beings are truly gods. Here, we continue to explore other texts which refer to angels as elohim and sons of elohim. Again, we see that to interpret these elohim as “real gods” does not do justice to the sense of the passages.

Previously we analyzed two propositions set forth by the “other gods” view regarding Psalm 82. We saw that neither the pronouncement of death upon these beings nor the description of God’s assembly serve as fatal blows for the understanding that these elohim are humans. Now, we present positive arguments for why these human beings are best understood to be magistrates rather than gods, including a look at John 10.